Linux Structure and GUI

SEIE, Soochow University

Week 02, 2015-2016-1

Linux Structure

Basics

  • Partitions

  • Filesystems

  • Boot Process

Partition and Filesystem

  • Partition: Logical part of a disk
    • MBR
    • GPT
  • Filesystem: Method of storing files
    • FAT32, NTFS, ext4, XFS, ubifs, tmpfs
  • Volumes
Windows Linux
Partition Simple Volume1 /dev/sda1
Filesystem NTFS/FAT32 EXT4/XFS...
Mounting DriverLetter MountPoint
Path sep. \ /
Names case-insens. case-sensitive

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

Directory Tree
Directory Tree

Boot Process

  • BIOS -> MBR
  • EFI/UEFI -> EFI partition
Boot Sequence
Boot Sequence
Boot Process
Boot Process
Boot Diagram
Boot Diagram

Text-Mode

  • Login (getty)
  • Shell (sh, bash, tsch, ...)

X Window System

  • Display manager
    • Display management
    • X server
    • Graphical logins
  • Desktop environment
    • Session manager
    • Window manager
    • Utilities

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Wellknown Desktop Environments

  • GNOME
  • KDE
  • Xfce
  • LXDE
  • ...

Labs

Now